We arrived in Berlin on Lufthansa flight 3019 in the early evening. A car service picked us up at Tegel Airport and transferred us to the industrial-chic Soho House Berlin in the Mitte District which is located in what use to be East Berlin -
The lobby seems barely to have been touched since the Berlin Wall fell, save for a few tongue-in-cheek enhancements like a foosball table and graffiti by Damien Hirst. (image courtesy of Soho House Berlin) |
After the very busy days that we just spent in Russia, exhilarating and exhausting in equal measures, we now had plans to slow down and take-it-easy. The Soho House is a private members’ club without pretension...a bit quirky, yet wonderfully relaxed. We booked a fully serviced apartment which became our refuge for the next four days...
The living room was very comfortable and was set up with a cocktail tray which offered in-apartment service of a private bartender...we did not avail ourselves. The windows lookout onto Sandtorstrasse (Torstraße). |
The bathroom included a rain forest shower, a free standing tub, heated towel rack, heated floor, a pair of bathrobes and was fully stocked with a range of full-size Cowshed products |
We unpacked and settled in. Rather than go out, we ordered ice and finished off what vodka we brought with us from Russia. Next we ordered a pizza, the food was delivered in 15 minutes by a typically glamorous staff member, we ate, "got ready for bed," and turned in for the night.
Upon waking at a little after 8:00 am we rejoiced in the usefulness of effective blackout shades. This may have been the first full night of sleep that we had experienced in over a week. A good night's sleep might have been Joan's first of several birthday gifts...
They say it's your birthday
We're gonna have a good time
I'm glad it's your birthday
Happy birthday to you.
(lyrics from the song "Today is Your Birthday" by the Beatles)
Breakfast was served on the roof top which afforded us an amazing view; however, it was a bit windy. The menu was limited, but the presentation faultless and the food was delicious. Gus had eggs Florentine while Joan had smoked salmon with scrambled eggs; we shared a beautiful fruit salad. Finishing breakfast we returned to our room to take care of a few things and then we were some off to visit Museum Island and most particularly -
Old National Gallery (Alte Nationalgalerie) Home to 19th century sculptures and paintings. It came into being in 1861, when the banker Joachim Heinrich Wilhelm Wagener bequeathed his art collection to the King of Prussia and a new building was erected to house it. Having suffered severe damage during the Second World War, the Old National Gallery was partially re-opened in 1949, and in 1955 all of its rooms were once more accessible to the public. Due to the Museum Island Master Plan, which enabled the gallery's comprehensive restoration from 1998, it re-opened in 2001. Together with Altes Museum, the Bode Museum, the Neues Museum and the Pergamon Museum, it belongs to the ensemble of Museum Island which is listed as an UNESCO World Cultural Heritage site. |
A garden is situated in front of the Museum and features several pieces of artwork
nestled among highly-manicured plantings. On the left, Die Humpty-Dumpty
-Maschine der totalen Zukunft (The Humpty-Dumpty-Machine of the Total Future)
Inside, within the grand foyer, we purchased our tickets and began our tour.
Seated Victoria, Throwing a Wreath, by Christian Daniel Rauch |
Die Familie des Malers Fritz Rumpf (The Family of Painter Fritz Rumpf), by Lovis Corinth |
Maja, by Anders Zorn |
Flötenkonzert Friedrichs des Großen in Sanssouci (Flute Concert with Frederick the Great in Sanssouci), by Adolph von Menzel |
Im Etappenquartier vor Paris In the Troops' Quarters outside Paris, by Anton von Werner |
Spangenberg Zug des Todes anagoria (Procession of Death), by Gustav Spangenberg |
Frauenbad in Dieppe III Women Bathing in the Sea Near Dieppe, by Carl Spitzweg |
Knight's Castle,
|
The Isle of Death (third version), by Arnold Böcklin A widow shrouded in white accompanies her husband's draped coffin in a rowboat to a rocky island whose cliffs are carved with tomb chambers. Böcklin painted five versions between 1880 and 1886. |
In 1933, this version was put up for sale and a noted Böcklin admirer, Adolf Hitler, acquired it. He hung it first at the Berghof in Obersalzberg and, then after 1940, in the New Reich Chancellery in Berlin.
Böcklin completed the first version of the painting in May 1880 for his patron Alexander Günther, but kept it himself (now in Kunstmuseum Basel). The Metropolitan Museum owns the second version of "Island of the Dead," which was commissioned by Marie Berna when she visited Böcklin in his Florence studio in April 1880. At her request, he added the coffin and female figure, in allusion to her husband's death 15 years earlier. Böcklin's dealer, Fritz Gurlitt, prodded Böcklin to paint three more versions, all with a lighter sky. The third is in Berlin (1883, Alte Nationalgalerie), the fourth (1884) was destroyed in World War II, and the fifth is in Leipzig (1886, Museum der Bildenden Künste).
Arnold Böcklin bust by Adolf von Hildebrand |
L'Après-midi des enfants à Wargemont (Children's Afternoon at Wargemont), by Auguste Renoir |
Leaving the Museum we headed to Alexanderplatz to see if we could find a Grillwaker -
While eating our sausages we walked past -
and -
The Neptune Fountain (Neptunbrunnen) This elaborate fountain was completed in 1891 and designed by Reinhold Begas. The fountain depicts Neptune holding court over a quartet of buxom beauties symbolizing the rivers Rhine, Elbe, Oder and Vistula. |
and over to the Ferneshturm (TV Tower) -
The tower, completed by the East Germans in 1969, once served as the biggest symbol of a regime that maintained its power by spying relentlessly on its citizens. It’s now a piece of harmless Cold War kitsch—a soaring concrete column with a shiny top resembling a disco ball.
We thought that we could simply walk into the base of tower, buy tickets, take the elevator up to the observation platform, experience the magnificent view, find a table in the Café , enjoy a coffee or a beer, and descend back down to Alexanderplatz. Wrong! We soon found out that after waiting in line to buy tickets we would then be required to wait for two hours to get in line for the elevator ... we decided that it was not worth it.
Instead, we returned to our hotel. With 3 hours before our reservation for dinner we were able to enjoy some "down-time" at The Club Floor. The bar was empty -
The Club Floor is built around a central bar with sitting room. The sitting room features a mixture of over sized sofas, banquette seating and comfortable chairs. (image courtesy of the Soho House) |
We selected a comfortable sofa and ordered two glasses of wine. The wines were recommended by our server and were "regional" yet not Rieslings. For us, time had stopped. Whether it was a moment, a minute, or an hour it all seemed to be the same ... we were enjoying the present.
Returning to our room we cleaned up and dressed for dinner. Tonight's dinner was to be a
gastronomic adventure ...
dos Palillos berlin The head chef is Albert Raurich, who spent time as Ferran Adrià’s right-hand man at El Bulli. The 42 1/2-foot-long counter that faces an open kitchen invites guests to come and talk to the chefs, just as it was intended to do. Diners watch gingerly as the chefs prepare clean and straightforward Japanese and Chinese dishes made primarily with organic ingredients and presented like sculptures on elegant but unpretentious ceramic dishes. (image courtesy of smow) |
The name and head chef are Spanish, the food is Asian and the designers are French.
De Gustibus & Joan's Menu Dos Palillos Festival
An aperitif of watermelon, orange, vodka, and cava
oyster with ponzu sauce (paired with 2012 Müller-Thurgau Einfach) |
sunomon - fresh Japanese seaweed salad with mollusks (paired with 2012 Müller-Thurgau Einfach) |
summer roll filled with crispy chicken skin, cucumber, and mixed greens (paired with 2011 Immich-Batterieberg Riesling C.A.I.) |
sashimi of squid with yazu (paired with 2011 Immich-Batterieberg Riesling C.A.I.) |
navajas thai - razor clam with curry oil and confit onions (paired with 2011 Immich-Batterieberg Riesling C.A.I.) |
shrimp "hot and cold" with green tea (paired with 2011 Immich-Batterieberg Riesling C.A.I.) |
chawanmushi - Japanese salty custard with salmon roe (paired with Azuma Rikishi Honjozo Saké ) |
cherry tomato tempura with wasabi and a dusting of sea salt (paired with Azuma Rikishi Honjozo Saké ) |
steamed shrimp dumplings (paired with Azuma Rikishi Honjozo Saké ) |
2011 Peter Max Pinot Noir Crystallum Wines, Walker Bay region of South Africa (paired with te maki and namban zuke) |
te maki - do it yourself sushi tuna served with sheets of Nori seaweed |
namban zuke - vegetable salad with fried red mullet |
japo burger - German beef, homemade black sesame steam bun, ginger, cucumber, chiffonade of shiso, and soy ketchup (paired with 2009 Vall del Calàs, Merlot, Garnacha, Tempranillo) |
yakitori of free range chicken (paired with 2009 Vall del Calàs, Merlot, Garnacha, Tempranillo) |
bone marrow with bonito flakes (paired with 2009 Vall del Calàs, Merlot, Garnacha, Tempranillo) (image courtesy of Benn Glazier) |
ibérico pork jowl Cantonese style from a charcoal robata (paired with 2009 Vall del Calàs, Merlot, Garnacha, Tempranillo) |
2002 Jungfer Riesling Spätlese Weingut Prinz Rheingau, Germany (paired with the desserts ) |
annin dòufu - Chinese almond custard with caramel |
mochi with strawberries |
dorayaki - Japanese pancake with yuzu filling |
handmade mochi |
After spending nearly three hours at the "counter" of dos palillos we left and enjoyed a "walk of digestion' back to the Soho House.
The next morning, after over sleeping, we quickly showered, dressed, and took advantage of the Nespresso machine in our apartment along with the "tin of biscuits." We had arrangements to join a walking tour of "Infamous Third Reich Sites" with -
original berlin walks |
Pink Pipes of Berlin It all starts in Potsdamer Platz, the square where all the trams in earlier times met, and from here intricately entwine all over the city springing mysteriously out of the ground and looming over your head making intricate bends and straights like the best Brio before they disappear into the distance. |
Zoo Station |
N.B. "Zoo Station" is a song by the band U2. It is the opening track from their 1991 album Achtung Baby. The song's lyrics were inspired by a surrealistic story about Berlin from World War II that lead vocalist Bono heard, when overnight bombing damaged the zoo and allowed animals to escape and wander around the city's rubble. Bono was also inspired by the city's Berlin Zoologischer Garten railway station and used it as a metaphor for a reuniting Germany.
Our tour, led by the engaging and entertaining Jonny -
was to last approximately three hours. Wasting very little time we checked-in, bought U-Bahn tickets, and boarded the subway. We disembarked at Berlin Hauptbahnhof (sometimes translated as Berlin Central Station).
Berlin Hauptbahnhof Located close to the government district is the main railway station in Berlin. |
Leaving the underground we headed towards the German Chancellery -
The German Chancellery (Bundeskanzleramt) The modern Expressionist-style Bundeskanzleramt is one of a complex of buildings situated around the Reichstag, the seat of the German Parliament, built to house government institutions following the relocation of the German capital from Bonn to Berlin between 1991 and 1999. Contains the offices and residence of the German Chancellor. |
Unfortunately, due to security measures, only politicians and government employees are allowed inside the Bundeskanzleramt. Visitors must be content with snapping photos of the attractive structure from the outside.
Walking around the Chancellery, to the west, we unexpectedly caught a military band rehearsing for German Chancellor Angela Merkel's meeting with Prime Minister Alenka Bratušek of Slovenia.
Ceremonial Courtyard of the Bundeskanzleramt
The Reichstag Building The seat of the German Parliament, is one of Berlin's most historic landmarks. |
In 1933 fire broke out in the building, destroying much of the Reichstag. It is to date still unclear who started the fire, but the Communists were blamed. It gave a boost to Hitler's Party, the NSDAP, who would soon come to power. After the war, the Reichstag ended up in West Berlin. It was reconstructed between 1958 and 1972 but the central dome and most of the ornamentation were removed. During Berlin's division the West German parliament assembled here once a year as a way to indicate that Bonn was only a temporary capital. After the unification the decision was soon made to move the Bundestag (Germany's Parliament) from Bonn to Berlin. This decision resulted in a renovation which started in 1995 and was completed in 1999.
While it would have been worthwhile to enter and view the dome of the Reichstag Building it was closed to allow cleaning and maintenance work to be carried out from 8-12 July.
Serves to honor the Sinti and Roma victims of the Nazis’ racial purge
of Europe while reminding the living of their duty to shield minority
populations from harm. The Roma and Sinti are often referred to as
Gypsies, a term many consider offensive. The exact number of Roma
and Sinti who died during the Holocaust is unknown, but the Council
of Sinti and Roma puts the figure at half a million.
The Großer Tiergarten The oldest public park in Berlin is a favored destination of both locals and visitors who enjoy open green spaces. |
However, there's more to see in the Tiergarten than just trees and flowers. The park is still home to the Berlin Zoo, completely restored and occupying the southwest corner of the Tiergarten. Guests to the park can also visit The Victory Column (Siegessäule). Not far north from the Victory Column you'll find the Schloss Bellevue or Bellevue Palace. Another eye catcher in the Tiergarten is the Haus der Kulturen der Welt (House of World Cultures). Lastly,
Soviet War Memorial (Tiergarten) The inscription on the side of the memorial reads: ETERNAL GLORY TO HEROES WHO FELL IN THE STRUGGLE AGAINST THE GERMAN FASCIST INVADERS FOR THE FREEDOM AND INDEPENDENCE OF THE SOVIET UNION |
Brandenburg Gate (Brandenburger Tor) The main entrance to the city, surrounded by the wall for thirty years, was known throughout the world as a symbol for the division of the city and for the division of the world into two power blocs. (photo taken looking east on Straße des 17. Juni) |
The Brandenburg Gate is one of Berlin’s most important monuments – a landmark and symbol all in one with over two hundred years of history. A former symbol of the divided city, it drew visitors who used to climb an observation platform in order to get a glimpse of the world behind the Iron Curtain, on the other side of the barren “death-strip” which separated east from west Berlin, geographically and politically. It was here that in 1987, Ronald Regan issued his stern command to his cold war adversary admonishing him with the words: “Mr. Gorbachov – tear down this wall!”. Bill Clinton spoke at the Gate in 1994 declaring "Berlin is free!" The Gate is NOT where John F. Kennedy in 1963 declared to the world "ich bin ein Berliner," but rather from the Rathaus Schöneberg.
When Germany was reunified following the fall of the Berlin in November 1989 the Brandenburg Gate quickly reinvented itself into the New Berlin’s symbol of unity.
The Victory Column Erected to celebrate the Prussian victory over the Danes in their 1864 war. Before the column could be completed, the Prussians had knocked off two other victories, in wars against Austria in 1866 and France in 1871. The 35-ton figure atop the column is the Goddess of Victory. The base of the column is adorned with bas-reliefs of battles. (photo courtesy of The Jakarta Post and taken looking west on Straße des 17. Juni) |
In 2008, then Senator, Barack Obama’s campaign explored the notion of its candidate speaking at the Brandenburg Gate. But German Chancellor Angela Merkel said nien to the idea. This was followed by allegations that the Bush White House was involved in Merkel's "nein"-ing, Merkel then denied said allegations, and then one of Obama’s foreign policy aides said that the candidate himself thought Brandenburg was a "presumptuous" location. So where did Herr Obama speak? Der Siegessäule, the Victory Column.
Memorial to Homosexuals Persecuted Under Nazism Made of concrete; on the front side of the cuboid is a window, through which visitors can see a short film of two men kissing. |
Continuing on our walk we exited the Tiergarten and crossed Ebertstraße and encountered
a Forest of Pillars.
Two thousand, seven hundred and eleven gray concrete slabs, or stelae.
They are identical in their horizontal dimensions (reminiscent of coffins),
differing vertically (from eight inches to more than fifteen feet tall), arranged
in a precise rectilinear array over 4.7 acres, allowing for long, straight, and
narrow alleys between them, along which the ground undulates. Yet, the
installation gives no indication who is to be remembered. There are no
inscriptions. One seeks in vain for the names of the murdered, for Stars of
David or other Jewish symbols.
A bit surreal. For Gus, it seemed less of a solemn site of Holocaust memory and more of a challenge to all its visitors to open themselves to imagination and to experience what it might have been like to be a Jew in Germany -- the hopelessness, the claustrophobia, the sense of entrapment that Jews must have felt under the Third Reich.
"For whoever takes even a few steps in finds himself -- almost without transition -- alone. Submerged in a space of reflection in the middle of the city, the noise of the surrounding streets muffled. Lost from the sight of your companions, able to make contact only by calling out, you are entirely thrown back on yourself, on your own thoughts."
"If you didn't know it was a Holocaust memorial, you might be forgiven for mistaking it for a vast field of modern art."
Peter Rigny, an associate producer on FRONTLINE's, A Jew Among the Germans
Leaving the Memorial we headed to "Luftwaffe Headquarters," south down Wilhelmstraße.
Ministry of Aviation (Nazi Germany) At the time of its construction it was the largest office building in Europe. For eighty years, the Air Ministry Building has witnessed and has been a part of Germany's turbulent history. Throughout, it has served three very different political masters. First it was the headquarters for the Luftwaffe. Post WWII it was used by the Soviet military administration until 1948, and from 1947-49 by the German Economic Commission which became the top administrative body in the Soviet Occupation Zone. Later the building served as the home to the Council of Ministers of the GDR . Today it houses the Federal Ministry of Finance which is charged with the administration of national tax policy and collections. |
Walking further along Wilhelmstraße we noticed a marker of where a portion of the Berlin Wall once stood.
Berliner Mauer Double rows of cobblestones now mark the course of the Wall accompanied by metal plaques in the ground bearing the inscription: “Berliner Mauer 1961–1989” |
Berlin Wall Art
The segment on the left is unknown yet memorable while the segment
on the right was painted by French graffiti artist Thierry Noir
on the right was painted by French graffiti artist Thierry Noir
Housing neighborhood for members of parliament and staff. |
Site of Hitler's Bunker (Führerbunker) Located in, or rather under, the garden of The Reich Chancellery . There's nothing left of the Chancellery (it was leveled by the Russians), so the exact spot is difficult to find. The site includes an information panel explaining the layout and construction of the bunker. |
The erstwhile military Checkpoint Charlie, controlled by the Americans, next to the
and west. Soviet and American tanks briefly faced each other at the location during the
We finished our walking tour with our outstanding guide, Jonny, at -
Exhibition trench at the site of the Topography of Terror Behind the section of wall used to stand two buildings: the Gestapo and Schutzstaffel (abbreviated SS) headquarters. Today it’s a memorial site with a museum and archive. The wall here was never demolished and is used to display images and the history of the Nazi era. |
We plan to return tomorrow to complete our tour and view the photo and text exhibition that is displayed in the trench.
It was around lunch time and Gus was absolutely intent on eating a currywurst. While you can find decent currywurst on almost every street corner in Berlin, Gus wanted to sample some the city’s finest currywurst so we jumped into a taxi and headed to Schönhauser Allee 44 B in the trendy Prenzlauer Berg district, the home of Konnopke's Imbiß.
Konnopke's Imbiß Considered by many Berliners as the best Currywurst. The simple snack shack is located below the tracks of the Eberswalder Strasse U-Bahn station and is run by the Ziervogel family who started selling their famous sausages at this spot over 80 years ago. There always seems to be a long line of people waiting for the wurst, buletten, and French fries. (image courtesy of Oscar in the Trash) |
Currywurst What is it? Just a deep fried pork sausage (here without skin) cut into slices, drenched with an oddly addicting curry ketchup, and dusted with curry powder. Often served with crispy fries and mayonnaise. Paper plate, spear-folk, and napkins included. (image courtesy of theguardian.com) |
A 20-25 minute walked turned into a 2 hour stroll through Berlin's "boho chic" area. First we stopped to have coffee at An einem Sonntag im August, a "hipster dive café" ... our real, yet unstated, goal was to use their restroom (unfortunately, the only good thing to be said about the toilets was that they functioned) ... however, the coffee was excellent and an over sized leather couch contributed to an experience that turned out to be very pleasant. We moved on, walking southwest on Kastanienallee. Without plans we wandered by a small shop that called to us to come in -
The Flagshipstore Offers a wide selection from more than 30 young Berlin-based designers. Most of the items that are in the collection are unique pieces and only available at the Flagshipstore. |
Dinner tonight, once again relied on room service and a 375 ml bottle of red wine. Tomorrow is to be our last day in Berlin.
Our exploration today was to involve the U-Bahn. We walked to Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz underground station. We purchased Day Tickets with plans to -
- familiarize ourselves with Berlin's underground,
- revisit the permanent outdoor exhibition on display in the trench alongside the excavated segments of cellar wall on Niederkirchnerstraße; the exhibition addresses National Socialist policy in Berlin and its consequences for the city and its population,
- shop for dinner at KaDaWe, and
- return to our hotel for late afternoon spa treatments at Cowshed Relax.
Boarded the underground at Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz, named after the German revolutionary
Upon exiting we walked southwest and past ...
McDonald's billboard promoting "healthy food' of A Snack, A Drink, 2 Euros |
Soon we were juxtaposed and standing next to -
Most of the Berlin Wall has been dismantled, but some parts still stand. The above
two pictures are of the same section of the wall; however taken from opposite sides.
This fragment of the Wall, designated a historic monument in 1990, now forms
part of the Topography of Terror Documentation Center.
We returned to the underground and traveled to Wittenbergplatz station. Exiting the underground we found ourselves in Wittenberg Platz.
KaDeWe (pronounced Kar-de-vay) With 645,000 square feet, the equivalent of eleven American football fields, 380,000 items offered for sale, 40,000 to 50,000 visitors a day, this is the legendary, largest department store on the continent. |
KaDeWe has eight floors, each one focused on a different type of merchandise. It is a high-class department store in which shopping becomes an exceptional experience.
- The ground floor is all Beauty Accessories. Some of the services offered include beauty salons as well as nail and foot spas. The so-called "Luxury Boulevard" is also situated here, with Bulgari, Burberry, Cartier, Céline, Chanel, Chopard, Dior, Fendi, Gucci, Hermès, Miu, Montblanc, Longchamp, Louis Vuitton, Prada, Rolex, Tiffany & Co., Tod's, Vertu, Wellendorff and Yves Saint Laurent stores.
- The 1st floor is Men's Apparel.
- The 2nd floor is devoted to Women's Fashion.
- The 3rd floor is referred to as "the Loft" and represents Germany's biggest luxury shoe department. Women's leather goods and lingerie are sold here, too.
- The 4th floor contains interior and design items.
- The 5th floor is arts, entertainment, electronics, toys, office supplies, and souvenirs.
- The 6th floor is devoted entirely to food and beverages. It has around 110 cooks and 40 bakers and confectioners supplying more than 30 gourmet counters. It’s like the Harrods' Food Hall in London without the crowds.
- The top floor (added in the early 1990s) includes a winter garden with a 1000-seat restaurant surrounded by a cafeteria-like concession.
One of four swanky champagne bars on the 6th floor. In the photo to the left ...
The menu on the right suggests pairing with lime, mint, or orange ice.
Culinary heaven with its many food preparation areas catering to all
palates. Smoked salmon from Norway, thick Devonshire double cream
34,000 different items, 3,4000 wines and 1,300 types of cheese and an
almost endless array of sausages and wursts
We found ourselves most desirous of the prepared salads of seafood (squid, prawns, and white anchovies), pasta (orzo with mirepoix), vegetables (roasted beets), and a fresh baguette. The salads and bread were gladly wrapped for take away. Venturing up one floor, we picked up a slice of apple cake for dessert -
windowed wall offering a breathtaking view across Berlin.
Cafeteria offering wonderful fruits, vegetables, and main dishes.
Tempting desserts
Leaving this magical yet elegant department store, with tonight's dinner, we re-entered the underground and soon were on our way back to our hotel.
One item we noticed on our ride, while politically incorrect in the United States, captured the "old" and the "new" of Germany -
Our trip to the spa & hamman was mixed. Our gemischten review may have been driven by what we were familiar with ... our experience everywhere else in the world has generally included a calm and peaceful environment, comfortable bathrobes and sandals, attentive and instructive staff, and refreshing beverages upon request ... Cowshed Relax was busy, a bit noisy, and overall unsettling, we did now receive bathrobes but rather two large towels, no footwear was provided, the staff at check-in provided little information, and the entire facility was open to both sexes. Gus went straight to the waiting area for his massage while Joan wanted time in the hamman. Whoa! Naked men and women outnumbered those few with towels appropriately wrapped; awkward, uncomfortable, anxious, embarrassing. Well, "Que Sera, Sera (Whatever Will Be, Will Be)". The 90 minute massage treatments were adequate at best ... disappointing! Yet ...
We returned to our room and enjoyed the bounty foraged from KaDeWe. Tomorrow we tour Dachau Concentration Camp outside of Munich
We returned to our room and enjoyed the bounty foraged from KaDeWe. Tomorrow we tour Dachau Concentration Camp outside of Munich
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